Resistance of Aedes aegypti to temephos and adaptive disadvantages / Resistência de Aedes aegypti ao temefós e desvantagens adaptativas

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the resistance of Aedes aegypti to temephos Fersol 1G (temephos 1% w/w) associated with the adaptive disadvantage of insect populations in the absence of selection pressure. METHODS A diagnostic dose of 0.28 mg a.i./L and doses between 0.28 mg a.i./L and 1.40 mg a.i./L were used. Vector populations collected between 2007 and 2008 in the city of Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, were evaluated. To evaluate competition in the absence of selection pressure, insect populations with initial frequencies of 20.0%, 40.0%, 60.0%, and 80.0% resistant individuals were produced and subjected to the diagnostic dose for two months. Evaluation of the development of aquatic and adult stages allowed comparison of the life cycles in susceptible and resistant populations and construction of fertility life tables. RESULTS No mortality was observed in Ae. aegypti populations subjected to the diagnostic dose of 0.28 mg a.i./L. The decreased mortality observed in populations containing 20.0%, 40.0%, 60.0%, and 80.0% resistant insects indicates that temephos resistance is unstable in the absence of selection pressure. A comparison of the life cycles indicated differences in the duration and viability of the larval phase, but no differences were observed in embryo development, sex ratio, adult longevity, and number of eggs per female. CONCLUSIONS The fertility life table results indicated that some populations had reproductive disadvantages compared with the susceptible population in the absence of selection pressure, indicating the presence of a fitness cost in populations resistant to temephos. .

OBJETIVO Avaliar a resistência de Aedes aegypti ao temefós Fersol 1G (temefós 1% p/p) quanto à desvantagem adaptativa ao inseto, na ausência de pressão de seleção. MÉTODOS Foi aplicada a dose diagnóstica de 0,28 mg i.a/L e concentrações entre 0,28 mg i.a/L e 1,4 mg i.a/L. Foram avaliadas amostras do vetor coletadas no município de Campina Grande entre 2007 e 2008, no estado da Paraíba. Para avaliar a competição na ausência de pressão de seleção, foram constituídos grupos de insetos com frequências iniciais de 20,0%, 40,0%, 60,0% e 80,0% de insetos resistentes, submetendo-os a dose diagnóstica por dois meses. Os ciclos de vida das populações suscetível e resistentes foram comparados avaliando-se as fases de desenvolvimento aquática e adulta, construindo-se tabelas de vida de fertilidade. RESULTADOS Não foram verificadas mortalidades nas populações de Ae. aegypti quando submetidas à dose diagnóstica de 0,28 mg i.a./L. A diminuição da mortalidade nas populações com 20,0%, 40,0%, 60,0% e 80,0% de indivíduos resistentes indica que a resistência ao temefós é instável na ausência de pressão de seleção. A comparação do ciclo de vida mostrou diferenças na duração da fase e viabilidade larval, mas não quanto ao desenvolvimento embrionário, razão sexual, longevidade dos adultos e número de ovos/fêmea. CONCLUSÕES Pelos parâmetros da tabela de vida de fertilidade constatou-se que algumas populações apresentaram desvantagens reprodutivas em relação à população suscetível na ausência de pressão de seleção, havendo custo adaptativo resultante da resistência ao temefós. .

Bioactivity of plant extracts on the larval and pupal stages of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidea)

Introduction Aedes aegypti is responsible for the transmission of the dengue and yellow fever viruses. This study evaluated the effects of extracts from Cnidosculos phyllacanthus, Ricinus communis, and Coutarea hexandra on the developmental periods of A.aegypti larvae and pupae. Crude extracts of C. phyllacanthus and C. hexandra and oil from R. communis and C. phyllacanthus were used. Methods Bioassays of the larvicidal and pupicidal effects of these products at different concentrations and times of exposure were evaluated. The lethal and sublethal effects were determined using different concentrations in larvicidal tests. Mortality data were evaluated by Probit analysis to determine the LC50 and LC90 values. Results The vegetable oils from C. phyllacanthus and R. communis demonstrated greater efficiency for larval control with an LC50=0.28µl/mL and an LC90=1.48µl/mL and LC50=0.029µl/mL and a LC90=0.26µl/mL, respectively. In pupal tests toxic effects for all insects were verified after exposure to the products at significant LC50 and LC90 values for 24 and 48h. The effects of sublethal concentrations of C. phyllacanthus (oil) were more effective on the insects. Conclusions The vegetables oils from C. phyllacanthus and R. communis demonstrated greater potential from the control of different developmental periods in the life cycle of this insect. .

Spatial distribution and esterase activity in populations of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) resistant to temephos

INTRODUCTION: The need for studies that describe the resistance patterns in populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in function of their region of origin justified this research, which aimed to characterize the resistance to temephos and to obtain information on esterase activity in populations of Aedes aegypti collected in municipalities of the State of Paraíba. METHODS: Resistance to temephos was evaluated and characterized from the diagnostic dose of 0.352mg i.a./L and multiple concentrations that caused mortalities between 5% and 99%. Electrophoresis of isoenzymes was used to verify the patterns of esterase activity among populations of the vector. RESULTS: All populations of Aedes aegypti were resistant to temephos, presenting a resistance rate (RR) greater than 20. The greatest lethal dose 50% of the sample (CL50) was found for the municipality of Lagoa Seca, approximately forty-one times the value of CL50 for the Rockefeller population. The populations characterized as resistant showed two to six regions of α and β-esterase, called EST-1 to EST-6, while the susceptible population was only seen in one region of activity. CONCLUSIONS: Aedes aegypti is widely distributed and shows a high degree of resistance to temephos in all municipalities studied. In all cases, esterases are involved in the metabolism and, consequently, in the resistance to temephos. .

Reproduction and longevity of Supputius cincticeps (Het. Pentatomidae) fed with larvae of Zophobas confusa, Tenebrio molitor (Col. Tenebrionidae) or Musca domestica (Dip. Muscidae)

Foram avaliadas, em duas gerações, a reprodução e a longevidade de Supputius cincticeps (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) alimentado com larvas de Zophobas confusa Gebien, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) ou Musca domestica (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) a 24,7 ± 1,1ºC, 70 ± 10% de U.R. e fotofase de 12 h. O peso de adultos recém emergidos, o período de oviposição, o número de posturas, de ovos totais e a longevidade de fêmeas de S. cincticeps foram maiores com larvas de Z. confusa ou T. molitor que com M. domestica. Independentemente do tipo de presa, S. cincticeps mostrou melhor performance reprodutiva e longevidade na segunda geração.